As of December 2014, there have been 99 amendments to the Constitution of India since it was first enacted in 1950. There are two types of amendments to the constitution which are governed by article 368. The first type includes amendments that can be effected by Parliament by a prescribed ‘special majority’; and the second type of amendments includes those that require, in addition to such “special majority”, ratification by at least one half of the State Legislatures.

Amendment No.

Amendments

Enforced since

Objectives

1

Amend articles 15, 19, 85, 87, 174, 176, 341, 342, 372 and 376.
Insert articles 31A and 31B.
Insert schedule 9

18-Jun-51

 To fully secure the constitutional validity of zamindari abolitionlaws and to place reasonable restriction on freedom of speech.
A new constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect laws that are contrary to the constitutionally guaranteed fundamental rights.
These laws encroach uponproperty rights, freedom of speech and equality before law

2

Amend article 81.

1-May-53

 A technincal amendment to fixthe size of each parliamentary constituency between 650,000 and 850,000 voters.

3

Amend schedule 7.

22-Feb-55

 Limits maximum no of seats in lok sabha up to 500.
States would be divided into constituencies such that one member of a constituency will represent not less than every 750000 people but not more than every 500000 people.

4

Amend articles 31, 31A and 305.
Amend schedule 9.

27-Apr-55

 Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in Schedule 9 of the constitution

5

Amend article 3.

24-Dec-55

 Provide for a consultation mechanism with concerned states in matters relating to the amendments to the territorial matters and in the re-naming of the state

6

Amend articles 269 and 286.
Amend schedule 7.

11-Sep-56

 Amend the Unionand State Lists with respect to raising of taxes

7

Amend articles 1, 49, 80, 81, 82, 131, 153, 158, 168, 170, 171, 216, 217, 220, 222, 224, 230, 231 and 232.
Insert articles 258A, 290A, 298, 350A, 350B, 371, 372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules 1, 2, 4 and 7.

1-Nov-56

 Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A, B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories.

8

Amend article 334.

5-Jan-60

 Clarify state’s power of compulsory acquisition and requisitioning of private property and include Zamindari abolishion laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution

9

Amend schedule 1.

28-Dec-60

 Minor adjustments to territoryof Indian Unionconsequent toagreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by demarcation of border villages, etc.

10

Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.

11-Aug-61

 Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition fromPortugal

11

Amend articles 66 and 71.

19-Dec-61

 Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a Joint Sitting of Parliament.
Indemnify the President and Vice President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of existence of any vacancies in the electoral college

12

Amend article 240.
Amend schedule 1.

20-Dec-61

 Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory, consequent to acquisition fromPortugal

13

Amend part 21.

1-Dec-63

 Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under Article 371A

14

Amend articles 81 and 240.
Insert article 239A.
Amend schedules 1 and 4.

28-Dec-62

 Incorporation of Pondicherryinto the Union of India andcreation of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura, Manipur and Goa

15

Amend articles 124, 128, 217, 222, 224, 226, 297, 311 and 316.
Insert article 224A.
Amend schedule 7.

5-Oct-63

 Raise retirement age of judges from 60 to 62 and other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules regarding judges etc.

16

Amend articles 19, 84 and 173.
Amend schedule 3.

5-Oct-63

 Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their allegiance to theIndianRepublicand prescribe the various obligtory templates

17

Amend article 31A.
Amend schedule 9.

20-Jun-64

 To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution

18

Amend article 3.

27-Aug-66

 Technical Amendment to include UnionTerritoriesin Article 3 and hence permit reorganization of Union Territories